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There are a lot of birth control options available today. The most popular and effective choice is the birth control pill or the “Pill” as it commonly known. Oral contraceptives help prevent pregnancies and are 99% effective. The pill is safe, simple, and convenient, which is why it’s so popular. Unlike condoms, the pill does not interrupt sex in any way so it makes sense that women prefer it. These birth control pills contain a combination of two hormones or contain just one hormone. Combination pills are more commonly used. The hormones in the pill help in preventing pregnancy by maintaining a constant level of hormones. It is better to take these pills everyday for maximum effect. However, users should be informed that oral contraceptives cannot protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Oral contraceptives were introduced in the United States in the 1960’s. Nearly a hundred million women use birth control pills worldwide, and in United States, twelve million women are on the pill. Each woman is different in terms of weight, menses types, and ovarian sensitivity so it’s always better to check with your doctor for the best option. Now, let’s look at how the pill works, who can take it, how it should be taken, the choices, and side effects. Estrogen and Progesterone These are two main hormones that help in ovulation. They control the working of the uterus and ovaries. Estrogen prepares the uterus lining for receiving an egg and the progesterone decreases the amount of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. During pregnancy, the levels of these hormones are high so the fertilization of eggs is prevented. Birth Control pills are a combination of these hormones that “fool” the body into thinking it is pregnant, thus preventing ovulation.
How Oral Contraceptives Work Oral contraceptives are a combination of estrogen and progesterone in different strengths. These pills change the hormone balance in your body and stop ovulation. No egg is released from the ovary. It thickens the mucus in the cervix to decrease the chances of the sperm entering the uterus. The pill also thins the uterus lining, making it difficult for the egg to attach.
Why Oral Contraceptives are Prescribed Oral Contraceptives are mainly prescribed as a birth control method. Some brands of pills help reduce the occurrence of acne. It helps reduce the physical and emotional symptoms that occur prior to the periods. Oral contraceptives are also helpful in regulation of irregular periods or heavy menstruation. They can also be used to treat endometriosis (when the uterus lining grows in other parts and causes pain or irregular periods).
Usage The pill is normally taken orally everyday or all days of your regular cycle. It should be taken at the same time every day for it to be effective and not less frequently than prescribed. In case of nausea, it can be taken with milk or food. You can be on the 21 day, 28 day or 91 day pill. In case of 21 day pill, you take the pill for 21 days with a break for 7 days before resuming it. With the 28 day pill, you have to take a pill every day. The last seven are usually dummy pills with a different color, mostly containing iron or vitamins, to remind you to take the next set of pills. The 91 day pills contain three rows of medicines. Start with the first row and continue as described on the instructions. Check with you doctor on when to start and which pill to use. If you miss a pill, you need to use a backup method of birth control for a week after. The same is applicable if you are vomiting or having diarrhea.
Special Precautions Prior to taking the pill, check with your doctor to see if it is safe to take the pill. Women who have migraines, blood clots, cancer or vaginal bleeding other than during periods are advised not to take the pill. Inform your doctor if you are on any other medication or are allergic to any medicines. In case you are going for a surgery, you have to inform the doctor that you are on birth control pills. Family history of asthma, diabetes, heart problems must also be revealed. It is advisable to not smoke while taking the pills as it increases the risk of side effects.
Side Effects A lot of the women who are on the pill do not feel any side effects. In some cases, women may experience nausea, headaches, irregular periods, dizziness, breast tenderness, changes in mood, tiredness, and other side effects. There could also be a rise in blood pressure so it’s advisable to check your blood pressure every six months.
Choices You can choose the 21 day or 28 day pill depending on your requirement. If you have irregular periods then you could choose a pill with more estrogen and if you have cramps then a pill with higher progesterone potency could help. First time users can opt for a low estrogen pill. You should choose a pill depending on your requirement. Again, it’s important to check with your doctor to know the best choice for you. Other than these types, there are lots more choices in the market.
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