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Sex crimes include acts considered as either sexual abuse, or a non-tolerable behavior considered inappropriate to social norms. The law forbids certain sexual acts, despite expressed consent from both parties. Sex laws vary from region to region, and may evolve over time. Furthermore, sexual acts forbidden by law in a proscribed jurisdiction are coined as sex crimes.
Rape
Rape, or forcible sexual intercourse without consent from both parties, may involve physical violence, threats, and verbal abuse to intimidate and violate one person's body. Rape is considered a federal offense in the Western world. A perpetrator caught in the act of forcible intercourse is known as a rapist. According to the American Medical Association, rape victims tend to avoid reporting a violation, often times out of shame or self-blame. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that ninety-one percent of all U.S. rape victims are female with nine percent that are male, and ninety-nine percent of the perpetrators are male.
- Medline: Sexual Assault: A comprehensive description of sexual assault, otherwise known as rape, and includes sections that will help a victim seek out justice and rehabilitation.
- Women's Health.gov: Sexual Assault: FAQ: An information database addressing frequently asked questions regarding sexual assault, including where and when to go after victimization.
- CDC.gov: Understanding Sexual Assault (PDF): An extensive report detailing the facts centered on sexual assault.
- RAINN.org: Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network: An organization determined to help victims of rape, sexual abuse, and incest.
- National Sexual Violence Resource Center: The NSVRC organization serves as the nation's principle information and resource center, which is determined to educate, equip, and rehabilitate victims of sexual violence.
- Bureau of Justice Statistics: Rape Trends: The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports the stability rape trends in recent years.
- National Institute of Justice: Rape and Sexual Violence: A brief overview of rape, sexual violence, and what victims can do to stay informed about their legal options.
- Kidshealth.org: Rape: An informative article describing the violent sexual crime known as rape. It offers pertinent advice for victims and those uneducated regarding this horrific crime.
Statutory Rape
Statutory rape describes sexual activity where one participating party is below the age of consent to engage in the sexual conduct. The term usually refers to adults engaging in sexual activities with minors under the age of consent; however, only a handful of jurisdictions recognize the actual words "statutory rape" in their legal code. Statutory rape differs from forcible rape because imposed force or threat is not present during the sexual acts. However, the laws presume that the adult coerced the minor into having sex because a minor or someone mentally challenged are unsuitable to make their own decisions, according to the courts. Statutory rape differs from "child molestation," which is typically treated as a far more severe crime.
- Connecticut General Assembly.gov: Statutory Rape Laws by State: An overview covering the statutory rape laws governed by each State.
- United States Department of Justice: State Legislators' Handbook for Statutory Rape Issues (PDF): The official handbook for each state legislator on proposed statutory rape laws. The handbook includes pertinent information stressing the age limits and considerations of the punishable sexual crime.
- Sex Laws: What is Statutory Rape?: A brief overview of statutory rape, a punishable sexual crime that consists of an adult and minor under the age of consent who engage in unlawful sexual acts.
- Statutory Rape: The Dirty Secret Behind Teen Sex Numbers: An analysis behind the teen sex numbers and the correlation to statutory rape laws.
- "Statutory Rape": Sex Between Young Teens and Older Individuals (PDF): An informative factsheet presenting statistical data behind young teens engaging in sexual acts with older individuals.
- Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape: Statutory Rape: An organization located in Pennsylvania working to eliminate all sexually violent acts and to advocate the rights of victims.
- Brown University: Statutory Rape Study: Statutory rape cases presented to the Rhode Island courts shows leniency, and recommends amending existing statutes.
- Appalachian State University: Rape and Sexual Assault: A brief description and distinction between forcible rape and statutory rape.
Child Sexual Abuse
Child sexual abuse consists of sexual acts between an adult or older adolescent and a prepubescent child. Child sexual abuse entails pressuring a prepubescent child to sexually stimulate the perpetrator, indecently exposing the genitals to a child, making a child watch pornography, viewing and fondling a child for sexual gratification, and using a prepubescent child to create child pornography. Victims of child sexual abuse will undergo bouts of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, all types of anxiety, and may deal with physical injury or even death as a result of the abuse. Child sexual abuse by a family member is known as incest, which may inflict long-term psychological trauma for the victim.
- National Center for PTSD: Child Sexual Abuse: A comprehensive resource explaining the nature of child abuse, who perpetrates child sexual abuse and the last effects it will have on the victim, especially if left untreated.
- Child Welfare Information Gateway: Child Sexual Abuse: Intervention and Treatment Issues: This article addresses the indicators of child sexual abuse in victims.
- Los Angeles District Attorney's Office: Sex Crimes and Sexual Abuse: This resource shows the dedication and legal action taken against offenders of child sexual abuse.
- Vermont: Department for Children and Families: This resources offers information to help protect kids from child sexual abuse.
- Los Angeles Public Health: Adult Manifestations of Child Sexual Abuse (PDF): An extensive resource unveiling the effects of child sexual abuse that manifest later in the life of the victims.
- Megans Law: Facts About Sex Offenders: A factsheet that briefly covers statistical data regarding sexual offenders.
- Department of Commerce: What is Sexual Assault?: An authoritative resource explaining the nature of sexual assault and its long-lasting effects on its victims.
- United States Department of Justice: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Child Sexual Abuse (PDF): An authoritative resource explaining the problem of sexually transmitted disease transference and child sexual abuse cases.
Human Trafficking
Human trafficking consists of the illegal trade of human beings in exchange for sexual slavery, such as commercial sexual exploitation, otherwise known as prostitution and forced labor. Human trafficking is a lucrative business. In fact, it has the fastest growing propensity among any other criminal enterprises. Human trafficking has ties with the illegal drugs and arms trade. The estimated total revenue for human trafficking ranges from five to nine billion dollars per year. The United Nations estimates that nearly two and a half million people from one hundred twenty-seven countries are the victims of human trafficking around the globe.
- Northeastern University: Human Trafficking: An online data collection and resource center reporting human trafficking-related activity.
- University of North Carolina: Human Trafficking Fact Sheet (PDF): An extensive fact sheet detailing human trafficking information in the United States.
- Michigan State University: Human Trafficking Quotes and Organizations: A resource compilation of human trafficking quotes and organizations.
- Yale Global Online: Human Trafficking Casts Shadow on Globalization: A comprehensive article detailing the darkest shadow casting over globalization efforts: human trafficking.
- Violence Against Women Online Resources: The Crime of Human Trafficking: A Law Enforcement Guide to Identification and Investigation (PDF): A guide used by law enforcement to identify and investigate suspected situations of human trafficking.
- Cornel University: Forced Labor and Human Trafficking: Estimating the Profits (PDF): A detailed look at the for-profit enterprise that enslaves young women.
- Federal Bureau of Investigation: Human Trafficking: The Federal Bureau of Investigation's stance on the enslavement perpetrated against women in the under-developed and developed world.
- United States Immigration and Customs: Human Trafficking: A U.S. organization aimed to curtail human smuggling and trafficking into the United States, regardless of the intent.
Voyeurism and Exhibitionism
Voyeurism refers to a sexual impulsion to peep into someone else's sexual activities. A voyeur remains in secret while getting sexually aroused by watching unsuspecting couples engage in getting unclothed or engage in sexual acts. Exhibitionism has the opposite effect, whereby a person gains sexual gratification by being watched while getting unclothed or suspended in sexual acts. Voyeurism, a deviation from normal sexual desires, intrudes into an individual's private space, which makes it a criminal offense in countries like Canada, United Kingdom, and India.
- University of Texas: Voyeurism: An example of voyeurism and exhibitionism in Manhattan.
- The Catholic University of America; Scopophilia, voyeurism, the gaze of objectification, and fetishism: This article examines the link between pornography and voyeurism.
- Wiredsafely: Up-Skirt Cameras Hold Privacy in Public: An article examining technological gadgets, such as "up-skirt" cameras and how our everyday lives are continuously invaded by them.
- Mind Disorders: Voyeurism: A thorough explanation behind the mind of voyeurs, including causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
- American Psychiatric Association: The DSM Diagnostic for Exhibition and Voyeurism (PDF): The APA's definition of exhibitionism and voyeurism, including the underlying causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
- University of North Texas: Voyeurism and Fetishism (PDF): An examination of voyeurism and fetishism and how they relate to art.
- Rutgers University: I Am What I Watch (PDF): An examination of how television programs encourage the development of voyeuristic behaviors in its viewers.
- WebMD: What is Voyeurism?: WebMD presents the medical terminology and description associated with voyeurism.
Incest
Incest is the forbidden sexual intercourse between close and distant relatives. Depending on regional jurisdiction and socially imposed taboos, incestuous relations constitute a breach of law within a given culture. Incest between adults and minors is a form of child abuse, which has been shown to be the most extreme form of child abuse. Research indicates that nearly ten to fifteen percent of the general populous has come into sexual contact with a family member.
- BRYN MAWR: The Enigma of Incest Taboo: An article describing the socially imposed taboo of sexual relations with close relatives, otherwise known as incest.
- New York State: Incest a Third Degree Felony (PDF): An example of the harsh consequences distributed to family members engaged in incestuous relations.
- CBS News: Mohler Sex Crimes Case; Wife Found Incest Porno: Police investigate sex crimes involving incest with small children from rural Missouri. Six members of the Mohler family, including E. Mohler Sr., aged 77, were involved in the sexual acts, and his wife discovered an incest porno collection, which prompted her to alert authorities.
- American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress: Incest and Sexual Abuse of Children: One out of three girls and one out of seven boys are sexually abused before reaching adulthood.
- The Telegraph: France Makes Incest a Crime: An article updating the legal status of incestuous affairs in France.
- University of Valencia: Crime and Punishment: Incest: A brief definition of the punishable crime involving sexual relations between blood-related family members.
Prostitution
Prostitution refers to the providing of sexual services in exchange for material goods. Prostitutes arrange, promote, and sell sexual services. The legality of prostitution varies from country to country and even state to state. For instance, in the United States, prostitution is a punishable crime (with the exception of Nevada), while the Netherlands treats the practice as a regulated business. Prostitution has an annual revenue of close to one hundred million dollars. Brothels are business-oriented establishments aimed to promote prostitution to prospective clients. Sex tourism refers to traveling with the explicit intent to engage in sexual activity with prostitutes.
- The United States Attorney's Office: Press Room: Sex Crimes: A bulletin board with posted crimes alerting viewers of sexual crimes, offenders, and applicable punishment in each case. Crimes include prostitution, statutory rape, forcible rape, incestuous affairs, and child sexual abuse.
- Transnational Institute: Sex Crimes and Prostitution: An article covering the problem of prostitution around surrounding military bases, and the lesser degree of punishment for offending soldiers and officers.
- Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington: Public Indecency: Sexual Crimes: Prostitution: A statue listing a bulleted characterization of sexual crime coined as prostitution.
- Women's Justice Center: Sweden Prostitution Solution: An article addressing how prostitution has enabled Sweden in various ways.
- Drug Sense: Prostitution: 70% of all women in jail today were first incarcerated on prostitution charges.
- Pro Con: Top 10 Pros and Cons of Prostitution: A growing legal debate over prostitution ensues weighing both pros and cons towards decriminalization.
Extramarital Relations
Extramarital sex embodies the sexual exchange between a married person and someone other than his or her partner. Extramarital sexual relations may breach a sexual norm known as adultery, fornication, infidelity, and philandery. Involvement in extramarital affairs may carry moral and religious stigmas and consequences, depending on the cultural region of where the affair occurred. A 1950s-era study revealed that nearly fifty percent of all males and twenty-six percent of all women engaged in extramarital affairs
- Dear Peggy: Who has Affairs?: An article explaining the nature of marital affairs and why they happen.
- University of Missouri: Extramarital Affairs in the Workplace (PDF): An extensive article examining the effects of extramarital affairs in the workplace.
- McNeese State University: American Journal of Psychological Research: Extramarital Affairs (PDF): A comprehensive definition, cause, and effects an extramarital can have on a married couple.
- Berkeley's Parent Network: Thinking About Having an Affair?: A dialogue exchange between a professional counselor and a spouse looking for a sexual fling.
- University of Wisconsin: New Study Reveals that Cheating Actually Makes a Marriage Stronger: A study emerging out of Italy suggests that infidelity promotes stronger marriage bonds.
- Stanford University: Students Have Double Standards on Sexual Infidelity: Sexual infidelity extends far past marriage bonds, according to college students at Stanford University.
page last edited by John Schmidt
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